UNIT 1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DESALINATION The desalination process Classification of desalination systems Production of desalinated water Desalination processes Thermal desalination processes by evaporation (distillation) Reverse osmosis (RO) UNIT 2. SEAWATER COLLECTION AND CONVEYANCE TO THE TREATMENT PLANT Reverse osmosis (RO) Sea water collection Vertical wells and boreholes Intake wet well and headworks Seawater intake well and headworks Special collection devices Pump station/house Horizontal drilling/drains Infiltration galleries on the beach UNIT 3. REAGENTS IN RO PROCESSES FOR SEAWATER Introduction Coagulants and flocculants Desinfectant Reagents for ph adjustment Protectors Antifoulants and dispersant Reagent application points Reagent storage Reagent dosing UNIT 4. REVERSE OSMOSIS PRETREATMENT Introduction Screening and sieving Physicochemical treatment Filtration Equipment to be used in the filtration process Monitoring instruments UNIT 5. HIGH PRESSURE PUMPING AND ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM Introduction Reverse osmosis pumps Types of pumps Energy recovery devices (ERDS) UNIT 6. REVERSE OSMOSIS PUMPS Basic principles Definition of ro membranes Basic principles of R.O. Membranes Pressure vessels and modules Instrumentation Displacement and cleaning system UNIT 7. DESALINATED WATER SOFTENING Introduction SAR control and boron reduction Remineralisation of desalinated water Permeate water disinfection Product water storage and pumping UNIT 8. REJECT WATER NEUTRALISATION AND TREATMENT Introduction Neutralisation without treatment of suspended solids Neutralisation with suspended solids treatment Sludge dehydration