- To understand the distinct biogeographic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

- To identify key features of the Southern Hemisphere and ocean regions.

- To analyse the impact of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystems.

- To explore mechanisms for conserving biodiversity in various regions.

- To evaluate the role of ecosystem services in supporting human life.

- To compare conservation strategies across different biogeographic regions.

- To integrate knowledge of biogeography into disaster risk management plans.